Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote early flowering and prolong flowering in Antirrhinum majus L. by regulating endogenous hormone balance under field-planting conditions

It is well documented that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affect growth and nutrient absorption in host plants under pot conditions. However, their effects on reproductive ornamental field conditions are unknown. Our study evaluated the of AMF flowering physiological traits snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) greenhouse Seedlings were inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae (Nicolson & Gerd.) without as controls. Results showed inoculation significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, phosphorus, soluble protein; decreased sugar; had no effect total nitrogen, carbon, potassium. colonization concentrations abscisic acid (ABA), indol-3-acetic (IAA), gibberellin (GA3), zeatin riboside (ZR); ZR/IAA ratio; reduced ABA/GA3 ABA/IAA+GA3+ZR ratios. advanced by five days prolonged 13 days. can promote prolong snapdragon, which may be due to improvement endogenous hormone equilibrium.